A key fob, often referred to as a Key Fob With Key to emphasize models that include a physical key, is a compact, programmable device designed to grant access to a physical object. Functioning as a hardware token, this device provides on-device, single-factor authentication, streamlining entry to various systems such as vehicles, computer networks, secure rooms, mobile devices, and other keyless entry systems.
The primary advantage of a key fob with key lies in its ability to eliminate the need for traditional manual keys. This not only enhances convenience through remote-enabled access but also bolsters security measures.
Key fobs with keys fall under the umbrella of physical security tokens, a category that also includes smart cards, proximity cards, and biometric keyless entry systems.
How a Key Fob with Key Operates
At its core, a key fob with key contains a short-range radio transmitter and an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) chip paired with an antenna. This technology facilitates communication via radio frequencies, sending a unique coded signal to a receiver unit embedded within the device it is intended to access.
The receiver unit is equipped with an RFID tag, which stores specific information. When a user activates the key fob, the transmitter in the receiver sends a signal to the fob, prompting it to adjust to the transmitter’s frequency. This exchange between the key fob and the receiver is instantaneous upon pressing a button on the fob.
The RFID chip within the key fob is programmed to transmit precise RFID tag information, which must correspond with the information the receiver device is programmed to recognize.
For instance, a key fob with key programmed for a specific car will only lock and unlock that particular vehicle. No other key fob will be compatible with it. Successful operation hinges on the information from the receiver tag matching the information requested by the fob. If the information aligns, the requested action, such as locking or unlocking, is executed. A mismatch will prevent the action from occurring.
Automotive key fobs with keys are often engineered to perform a multitude of commands. Beyond the basic functions of remotely locking and unlocking a vehicle, these can include:
- Starting the engine
- Activating or deactivating the alarm system
- Opening the trunk
- Controlling power windows
Key Fobs with Keys in Multifactor Authentication
Key fobs with keys also play a crucial role as authentication factors in systems employing two-factor authentication (2FA) or multifactor authentication (MFA). These advanced authentication methods are essential for protecting corporate networks, devices, applications, and sensitive data.
MFA systems, unlike traditional password-based systems, require users to provide multiple verification methods to confirm their identity before granting access to assets. These factors typically fall into three categories:
- Possession: something the user has (like a key fob with key)
- Inherence: something the user is (biometric data)
- Knowledge: something the user knows (like a password or PIN)
By incorporating multiple authentication factors, MFA significantly complicates the process for unauthorized individuals attempting to steal credentials and compromise systems, thereby offering enhanced security compared to passwords alone.
In a typical 2FA/MFA setup using a key fob with key, a user might first enter a PIN to initiate login. The key fob then generates a pseudo-random token code, or passcode, which serves to validate the user as legitimate and authorized to gain access. Once this validation is successful, access is granted.
The generated passcode is time-sensitive, usually valid for a brief period, such as 30 to 60 seconds. If the passcode is not entered within this timeframe, it expires and cannot be reused. A new passcode must be generated by the key fob for subsequent access attempts.
Integrating Biometric Authentication with Key Fobs with Keys
Biometric authentication, relying on unique biological traits like fingerprints, iris scans, or voice patterns, is increasingly utilized as an inherence factor in MFA. Biometric technology can be integrated into key fobs with keys to provide an even stronger security profile.
Some biometric key fobs employ traditional fingerprint scanning, while others require a swiping action. These methods read the fingerprint ridges and the underlying layers of skin to verify the user’s identity.
Advantages of Using Key Fobs with Keys
A significant advantage of hardware key fobs with keys, especially in enterprise environments, is the added security layer they provide. Passwords alone are vulnerable to interception and theft through methods like brute-force attacks, phishing, and social engineering.
These vulnerabilities can allow malicious actors to infiltrate networks or systems, deploy malware, initiate ransomware attacks, steal data, commit identity theft, and engage in cyber espionage and other cybercrimes.
A key fob with key mitigates these risks. Even if attackers compromise login credentials, they still require physical access to the key fob to gain entry. While key fobs can be copied or hacked, careful handling and storage by users significantly reduces the likelihood of theft and subsequent cyberattacks.
Furthermore, the randomly generated, single-use, and time-limited passcodes from key fobs prevent replay attacks, even if intercepted. Key fobs also offer a user-friendly interface, minimizing inconvenience for users.
Backend software managing connected RFID readers from a central server allows administrators to remotely program multiple key fobs with keys. This centralized system facilitates communication with numerous fobs and readers to control user access.
Administrators can also establish tiered access levels, enhancing control over who accesses specific areas, networks, or devices. This multilevel access control is particularly beneficial for facilities requiring robust security and access management without the logistical challenges of traditional lock and key systems.
The versatility and security features of key fobs with keys make them suitable for a wide array of commercial settings, including:
- Factories
- Offices
- Server rooms and other restricted zones
- Laboratories
- Hospitals
